Most people only see the end result of their thinking: a decision, a feeling, a conflict. I look at how it was produced. I notice what is left unsaid and how a person reacts. Thinking has a structure, and once I see it, I know where to start.
The method depends on the situation. In one-to-one coaching I show clients the structure if they want to see it. Then they see for themselves what to change. Sometimes changing the thinking is enough. Many people have already tried thinking differently, for example about their reactions, and want more. Then we work deeper, with the unconscious mind, using other methods. If someone already thinks too much, we step out of thinking. With organisations the approach is the same, but the tools are used differently. A leader's well-crafted speech, for example, can affect listeners more than they would believe.
In my training I teach the same skill to others: seeing the structure of your own thinking. In psychology it is called metacognition, the ability to watch your own mind from the side. John Flavell introduced the term in 1979, and research has linked it to better learning and emotion regulation, among other things.
In organisations I also use systemic analysis. Language, behaviour, structures and data show how an organisation thinks and acts.